From: Ischemic stroke and repair: current trends in research and tissue engineering treatments
Stem cell | Source | Function | Species | Model | Effects | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neural stem cells | Neuraxis of adult CNS | Differentiate into three CNS cell types in stroke-damaged brain, including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes | Rat | MCAO | Behavioral recovery on a series of sensory tasks and motor tasks; neural stem cells differentiated into neurons and promote function recovery | |
Mesenchymal stem cells | Bone marrow | Differentiate into osteoblasts, chondroblasts, adipocytes, neurons and some other cell types | Rat | MCAO | Behavioral recovery; facilitated functional recovery; reduced scar thickness and increased number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells and proliferating cells along SVZ | |
Olfactory Ensheathing cells | Nasal olfactory mucosa | Guide axon outgrowth and remyelinate axons and secrete many trophic factors (including BDNF, VEGF and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) | Rat | MCAO | The combined transplantation of OECs with fibroblasts facilitated neurite outgrowth and led to a reversal of the neurological deficits | |
Dental stem cells | Dental pulp (dental pulp stem cells) as well as dental follicle cells | Differentiate into neural cells, osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, muscle cells and hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo; express neurotrophic factors such as GDNF, BDNF and nerve growth factor (NGF); promote angiogenesis | Rat | MCAO | Functional recovery was observed in one motor task; surviving cells may have differentiated into neurons |